Correlation Between the Amount of Hours Studied per Week and the Speech or Presentation

Correlation Between the Amount of Hours Studied per Week and the Points Obtained Within One Semester - Speech or Presentation Example Their research delved on the correlations among hours spent studying, learning style, and academic performance as measured by grades. The study made use of 34 mechanical engineering students who were requested to log into a study diary within a weeks time. The tool utilized for students learning style was that authored by Biggs – the Study Process Questionnaire. The results suggest that a shallow approach to learning is strongly correlated with longer study hours and high class attendance. It is thus possible to still have low grades despite high class attendance. The efficiency of the students learning style thus matters still. The study has been undertaken to determine the correlation between number of hours of study and academic test score. Moreover, it intends to ascertain if there are significant differences in both hours of study and academic test scores on the basis of gender. As such, the following are the hypotheses tested in the current research: The research takes on a quantitative approach, mainly gathering numerical data on two variables: hours of study and academic test scores. Two other variables have been gathered, namely, gender and grade. Gender has two levels, male and female. There are also two levels for grade, Grade 12 and Grade 13. There are a total of 40 respondents for the study, which have been selected randomly. There are 20 males and 20 students from each of Grades 12 and 13. Random sampling has been used to ensure that the sample that is yielded is representative of the whole population of interest. Thus, valid conclusions may be garnered. The randomly selected students were asked to explicitly give consent for their participation in the study. They were asked through phone interviews about the variables of interest, namely, number of hours of study and academic performance scores. All the data have been manually encoded through Excel, and then transferred to SPSS

Film Report Essay Example for Free

Film Report Essay Children of a lesser God is a love story about a speech teacher who falls for a beautiful yet distant deaf girl in a small New England school for the deaf, and the obstacles that they face due to their differences. William Hurt plays James Leeds, a renegade teacher with an unconventional approach to education and a resume that includes stints as a bartender and a disk jockey. Upon his arrival, he is warned by school administrator Dr. Franklin (Philip Bosco)not to get creative with his instruction. Naturally, Leeds already has his mind set on his teaching plan and proceeds to play loud rock music in class in order to teach the students to feel the vibrations of the music and get them to try to speak phonetically. But a new element enters his life when he meets the attractive custodian, Sarah Marlee martin. An exceptionally intelligent yet extremely bitter young woman, Sarah is a graduate of the school who has decided to remain there, in the confines of her world of silence; its safer for her to be with her own people than to face what she perceives as a cruel and uncaring world. She hardly seems interested in James and will only communicate with him through signing, although she can read lips and even speak a little. James learns from Sarahs mother ( Piper Laurie) that Sarah was sexually molested as a teenager; this explains why she is so wary of his attempts to form a relationship with her and why she is so full of fear. Eventually, James does get through to Sarah and the two fall in love, although both have to learn new ways to communicate their feelings. Though it seldom resembles the Mark medoff play on which it was based, this directing debut from Randa Haines won an Best Actress Oscar for Matlin, for her first screen performance. In this movie a special education teacher named John goes to work at a school for the deaf. Throughout the movie John acts more as an Audiologist and tries to get all of the deaf students to start speaking. To help the students learn to speak John teaches them to count the beats of music using the feeling of vibrations. With the help of John almost every student learns to articulate at least some words. The relevance in communication disorder in this movie is speaking greatly improves the students’ social life and communication ability which improves the quality of their life. Giving them patience and chance to speak in their own language even their deaf.

Rules to Teamwork :: essays research papers

The Challenges of Teamwork Working on teams can normally prove very challenging, with all of the variations in personalities, strengths, and weaknesses, most of these issues are raised face to face with individuals, and can be resolved by finding a room to sit and talk them out. Working on virtual teams is more challenging, since there are a lot of things missing from the person-to- person contact, such as: †¢Lack of visual cues to understanding context. Many people write email and talk on the telephone in a manner which is completely different than they would talk in person; things that are taken as insults could actually be jokes, or things that are taken as jokes could actually be insults. †¢Lack of a communication mesh. Generally, teams work well when ‘cubicle to cubicle talk’ occurs; when people wander around asking questions. It’s difficult to wander from place to place all the time when your team is scattered all over the world. At the same time, virtual teams have some advantages. For instance, it’s easier to think through your response when writing an email than when talking in a meeting, which is a good and a bad thing. It’s harder to brainstorm when you aren’t willing to just throw out ideas (people are often afraid of saying things that make them look stupid in email, because they think about it before they send it). But it’s easier to have rational discussion when everyone can (not that they always do) let things sit for some time rather than replying in emotion. Several things that came up in our discussion are that virtual teams are also like normal teams in many ways, so many of the normal team rules apply. Web Research Several links came up dealing with virtual teams when searching the Internet.

David Ortan Plc Case Study Essay

1.1.David Orton Plc: A brief overview of merger of Orton group and Costwise David Orton Plc was a result of merger when Orton group, distinguish British Food Retailer Company, acquired Costwise Company in 2005. British CC (competition commission) had reservations at this mighty onset of merger as companies were independently huge retailers already and their reservation was somewhat genuine. The outcome of merger could obviously be a huge monopolize and was evidently aimed at controlling the large market share. The fear laid in commission’s stance that the result of merger will ultimately monopolize certain areas of the region. Nevertheless, it took substantial time to achieve this target as costwise had recognised since very beginning that two companies differ in structure and size therefore it will take quite a while to feel the impact physically. The impression of this merger let staff members of both companies to feel uncertain and uncomfortable, especially of costwise organisation and they feared that each company will be swallowed by the other. Motivational problems related with finance were of major importance to employees of both companies and here too, employees of costwise tended to complain more. The senior management and executive members of costwise company sought to gather and discuss at large weaknesses and strengths of the organisation on realizing that employees’ attitude and perception toward merger could have substantial impact on company’s performance. This meeting cleared company and its employees’ view of the desired merger and future of company was discussed by management personnel (Huczynski, A. & Buchanan, D., 2007). 1.2.Motivational state of employees The staff at costwise was more inadequately motivated towards the merger for the most part as capacity is intricately linked with the question of motivation. Some of the employees’ concerns were included salaries issues, intangible rewards, apprehensions, secondary benefits and recognition etc which were being abandoned by the higher management. Employees were also of the view that costwise company didn’t give them a chance to flourish and  grow. They weren’t given deserving opportunities including measures and promotion which otherwise would help them to grow tithing the framework of the organisation. Conversely, management thought that employee’s reduced performance has affected the overall performance of the organisation as a whole. The organisation gave much quality of supervision, interpersonal relations, and efficient administration of regulation and policies of the company. Recognition for outstanding performances, advancement to upper level of tasks and some other general interests of employees were kept low on the other hand. Employees were bound to grow at slow pace as limited or no training programs were carried out by company’s management thus affecting the overall performance of the employees (Mullins, L., 2007). There were, nevertheless some factors which were being appreciated by the employees and which had a direct, progressive affect on employees motivation level. Those factors include sense of interaction, loyalty and trust and chemistry between employees and management which led each party to realise organisational problems occurring within the organisation. The sense of interaction and utmost respect of work were responsible to increase employees’ moral and a practice of trust and loyalty among them could be seen through observation (Kelley, H.H., 1999) 1.3.Attitudes and Perception of the employees In any such situation, there are probable situations where attitudes and perceptions of the associated employees change drastically. One of the obvious attitudes that could be expected from employees is their felling of low self worth. This feeling is probable and any person associated with a company which is going to merge up with another company of twice its size can have it. This circumstance, however, could result in employees’ reduced level of efforts and sometimes deliberately withholding efforts. Poor performance and uncertainty can be suspected in this case which organisations are required to reduce or get ready for the aftermath. Employees’ withdrawal of their commitment to work can seriously damage the stability and competitive advantage it earned during the time therefore managers have to take the responsibility and devise action plan to waive off such situations (Myers, D., 2005) The employees are supposed to have alarming beliefs and questionable attitudes toward the merger and if those attitudes do not get properly managed, it will badly affect the company’s performance. The most questionable attitude in this case could be employee’s perception toward management decisions as it could a sense of uncertainty within them. They become more sensitive to their future as any uncertain thought about company’s decisions and actions could let them thin that their job is at stake. Thus staff turnover is quite probable as no employee could thrive in uncertain work environments. Differences in opinions, either professional or technical could also result in employees’ frustration and developing angry attitude resulted by genuine work complaints (Nelson, D. & Quick, J., 2006) 1.4.Resultant effects Resultant effects which such attitudes can have may include employees’ self-centeredness, their insensitivity to other people, their constant attention and affirmation seeking behaviour which could confront to abrupt in some cases. Lack of cooperation, failure to follow regulations and rules at work and absenteeism could be some results and forms of attitudes which costwise company can expect from its employees. It will be of utmost responsibility of new management to reassure the employees of costwise that they are fundamental assets of the organisation and they have to adequately motivate the employees in best possible manner. It is quite obvious that employees will act in circumstances which dictate their perception of situations. In this scenario, motivation will dictate their perception of jobs. It is also probable that employees of any company compare themselves and their positions with their counterparts and feel a sense of inferiority. Supervisory perception could also be expected for example costwise managers will feel uncomfortable to work under supervision of Orton’s management if any such scenario happens. This will only increase the problem for the costwise organisation and it will also account for bad perception of merger in vicinity of strong factors arousing uncertainty among costwise employees (Buchanan, D. & Huczynski, A., 2004) Self-perceived insufficiencies in comparison to former Ortan organisation are resultant from reasons of differences in development and capacity and the suspicion that ultimately  results in lack of equity. Competition of resources is another perception that has strong effect on employees’ attitudes of both companies as it will cause discrimination since Ortan employees are in better positions than costwise’ thus they are more likely to obtain benefits and resources such as salary increments and training programs . In this case, employees of costwise will obviously feel inadequately compensated and benefited even before the merger. This threat, either real or illusionary, is suppose to cause deep-rooted problems as all such scenarios are directly related with human psychology (Daus, 1997). 1.5.Main issues faced by senior managers Complex work environments and due to some other demographic and technological changes and innovations, senior managers have now augmented responsibility of supervising staff and employees of any organisation. Obviously the most important task is to increase the employees’ performance thus increasing overall performance of the organisation. In a case where employee’s attitudes toward work have been exacerbated by above mentioned factors and attributes, senior managers have to work hard in order to obtain their objective. They need to get employees back to work with full enthusiasm which will help them in scoring tasks and meeting deadlines. There are those employees who want to be supervised, some of them feel certain insecurities, and some feel company’s decisions as threatening their future. Managers are therefore needed to address such issues within the organisation and propose sustainable solutions (Kanigel, R., 1997) Employees’ unethical behaviour is another serious issue which requires mangers to taken care of. Some employees, who are satisfied by the policies and decisions of the organisation, tend to ignore rules and regulations set by the management. They compromise on the delivery and quality of work thus affecting organisation and its outer world relationships. The challenge of such employees’ commitment and motivation is one difficult task which managers at both organisations have to carry out. This can, however, be solved by taking simple steps which first include assessment of the behaviours and attitudes of such employees and of those factors which are responsible for such behaviours and attitudes. For example, a clear observation of the case study  suggests that employees at both organisations weren’t happy for their salary compensations. They in fact found it unsatisfactory that some employees of some departments are getting higher wages whereas some other deserving staff members have not been compensated by the organisation adequately. They had another concern that organisations failed to address their social, emotional, psychological and esteem concerns. Obviously mangers do have the responsibility to take care of such issues if organisations want to increase the motivation of employees (Kinicki, A. & Kreitner, R., 2006) Culture, gender, sexual orientation and religion etc. are dominated by the diverse workforce by whom both organisations operate. This diverse workforce thus engenders complexities and challenges for the management as minds of employees are naturally discriminated. These employees do have strong impact on other staff members thus senior managers are more likely to deal with challenging circumstances. Rewards, appreciation, recognition and especially balancing and equal treatment are such tools which can be highly useful in fighting similar challenges. Employees’ interaction has to be monitored by the management and with advancement of telecommunication; the challenge has become strong and important. They have to devise solutions that effectively control this challenging situation since employee privacy has already been restricted in several sectors (Gentile, M. C., 1996). 2.Critical analysis of the study Effective management of organisational behaviour is somewhat critical and requires the management to effectively examine the sources of motivation, group influence and job design among other things. It needs to define behaviour modification procedures which will help the learner to realise and appreciate the direct connection between organisational behaviour and possible consequences of it. Positive reinforcement is an effective tool which includes administrating sentencing on bad or negative behaviour and rewarding good or positive behaviour. The X and Y theories of Douglas McGregor play vital role in effective management of behaviours. Theory X involves the style of rather authoritarian management which recommends that coercion with help of application of threats upon individual is effective as an average individual detests work. The theory also argues about achievement  of organisational objectives through letting individuals concerned about it as an average individual doesnâ₠¬â„¢t like to have responsibility and rather prefer to be secure at all cost. Participative management theory or Theory Y stipulates that individuals are mainly self-directed thus they will have to take the responsibility. According to Douglas McGregor, The capacity to employ creative thinking and imagination is widely spread throughout individuals thus capacity and intelligence is partly utilised by the industry. Ability to possess responsibility and self-direction drives individuals to obtain organisational objectives (Robinson, G., and K. Dechant, 1997) The above discussed theory can be utilised in developing reward schemes and policies for staff members by rewarding those employees with benefits who perform well and grueling those who show bad behaviour and retain poor performances. By implementing this model, employees at David Orton Plc will be more obliged to work hard and return considerable benefits for the organisation in their quest to rewards, promotions, incentives and other forms of recognitions. Another effective methodology in this regard could be the Content theory which deals mainly n the area of individuals’ requirements and demands. These requirements can be broken down further into their primary requirements such as food, clothing, shelter etc. and their secondary requirements such as desire of power, achievement among colleagues, approval and love etc. It is however critical to locate the influence over behaviour by these requirements. The influence by primary needs is easy to understand and identify but influence by secondary requirements on behaviour varies by certain factors and is difficult o understand. The hierarchy of needs theory by Abraham Maslow tends to explain the requirements which could possibly affect the attitudes and behaviours of individuals working under the organisational framework (Larbi, G., 2006) Self-actualisation is needed to get managed against above mentioned background by investing in an effective, creative and challenging work place environment. Promotions, independence, flexibility and providence of bigger responsibilities are among some factors which can be employed to boost esteem if managed well. Lower level requirements including social, psychological and security requirements can be efficaciously managed by procuring safe working conditions, friendly work atmosphere and reasonable  and suitable work hours. Therefore the theory of Maslow or theory of hierarchy of needs can be applied to the case of merger, David Orton Plc which observes dissatisfaction among its employees over inadequate pay structure, lack of recognition and other social, emotional and psychological wants. This theory can be effectively applied by management by sufficiently increasing employees allowances, rewards, salaries and give them an overall well being in their areas of complaints (Larbi, G., 2006) 3.Conclusion Concluding, organisational behaviour seems to resolve around people’s perception, their power to act feel under organised settings. The organisational complexities occurring within the framework of an organisation need associated management and senior executives to evaluate key behavioral factors which dominate the system. They have to examine the reasons behind such factors and once they succeeded in identification, they got to develop sustainable strategies and plans to tackle organisational behaviour problems. Any solution aiming at increased performance by the employee will result in increased performance of the organisation. For this, management needs to realize employees that their talents are being recognized and to compensate them with adequate resources, pays and secondary benefits so that they could overcome the sense of terrifying uncertainty and work hard for the goodness of their own and the organisation. Ensuring sufficient motivation among employees is one thing but managing this motivation all along is another yet a difficult challenge for the organisation. Strategies aimed at actively fostering the development and growth of the employees will only make sure that their capacity and motivation is developed. An organisation flourishes when management succeeds in developing and establishing a strategy which ensures employees that their received salary is linked with their performance and that their expectations towards their compensation against work done will be adequately rewarded. If employees lost interest in work and what they do at the organisation, nothing could prevent organisation from failure and economic devastation therefore enriching jobs will help greatly in developing employees’ interest in their jobs they will feel enchanted to have something more than a job  which rewards them with a paycheck and it surly is a great thing. To instill such strategies into organisational framework, organisations are needed to assess behaviours and issues related with employees and propose better solutions for them. References Buchanan, D. & Huczynski, A. (2004) Organisational Behaviour: An Introductory Text, 5th ed., Harlow: FT/Prentice Hall Daus (1997). Challenges of leading a diverse workforce. Academy of Management Executive, 11, 32–47. Gentile, M. C. (1996). Managerial excellence through diversity, Chicago, IL: Irwin; and Joplin, J. R. W., and C. S. Huczynski, A. & Buchanan, D. (2007) Organisational Behaviour: An Introductory Text, 6th ed., Harlow: FT/Prentice Hall Kanigel, R. (1997). The one best way: Frederick Winslow Taylor and the enigma of efficiency. New York: Viking. Kelley, H.H. (1999) â€Å"Attribution in Social Interaction.† In Attribution: Perceiving the Causes of Behavior. E.E. Jones, et al. Morristown, MJ: General Learning Press. Kinicki, A. & Kreitner, R. (2006) Organizational Behavior: key concepts, skills, & best practices. 2nd ed. McGraw Hill Larbi, G. (2006). â€Å"Applying the new public management in developing countries,† in Y. Bangura and G. Larbi. Public sector reform in developing countries: capacity challenges to improve services. Basingstroke, Palgrave. Mullins, L. (2007) Management and Organizational Behaviour. 8th ed. FT/Prentice Hall Myers, D. (2005) Social Psychology. 8th ed. Boston: McGraw Hill Nelson, D. & Quick, J. (2006) Organizational Behavior: Foundations, Realities & Challenges. 5th ed. Thomson South-Western Robinson, G., and K. Dechant (1997). Building a business case for diversity. Academy of Management Executive, 11, 21–31.

Early childhood educators Essay

Theorist What contribution to the field of ECE did this theorist make? When and Where? Identify historical issues and current trends in the early childhood care profession. Share an example of how the theorists work is used today. Rousseau Rousseau was the author of several education books; he proposed that children be educated in moral, harmonious environments free from adult dominance (Follari, 2011). Rousseau was influential in both Europe and America in the mid to late 1700’s. Rousseau emphasized out of the home schooling and viewed children as innately good. Rousseau reduced the importance of learning by reading and emphasized learning by experience. An example of his work is seen today as children learn through play. Pestalozzi Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi published a book in 1801 that helped influence the development of seeing his theories put into action. The â€Å"Pestalozzi method† was put into practice in 1805 at his school in Yverdon (Johann, n. d. ) Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi was an education reformer who was very passionate about getting education to poor children and teaching methods designed to strengthen the students own abilities. He wanted children to be taught as a whole ( Follari, 2011). An example of Pestalozzi’s work can be seen through field trips, puzzles, blocks, and physical exercise. Froebel Froebel made Kindergarten spread like wildfire through Europe and eventually to the U. S. He created what is known as Froebel gifts. He designed balls, wooden block, tiles, sticks, and rings to demonstrate that children could learn while at play (Follari, 2011). Froebel based his beliefs in teaching children on rationalism. He thought children could gain knowledge by logically thinking through concepts from a given premise. He started by giving his gifts and having the children work through them (Follari, 2011). An example of Froebel’s work can been seen through Kindergarten (Follari, 2011). Peabody Elizabeth Peabody opened the first English speaking kindergarten in Boston, MA in 1859(Follari, 2011). She also created the American Froebel Society to provide some regulations and originality of kindergarten programs. (Follari, 2011). Elizabeth Peabody was against the hands-on objects method of instruction. She liked individualized instruction instead. She thought children needed careful direction to develop properly (Follari, 2011). An example of her work is the acceptance of kindergarten as an accepted institution in U. S. education (Today, n. d. ). Piaget During the 1970’s and 1980’s, Piagets theories inspired the transformation of European and American education (Follari, 2011). Piaget believed learning occurs as a result of experience, both physical and logical. He thought knowledge could not truly be formed until the learner has matured to the mental status that the learning is specified to. He believed that children made moral judgments based on their own observations of the world (Follari, 2011). Piaget’s theories were used in the developing of the Dynabook programming system (Jean, n. d. ) Vygotsky. Lev Vygotsky proposed a theory of the development of higher cognitive functions in children that saw the emergence of the reasoning as emerging through practical activity in a social environment. Most of his work was influence in Eastern Europe in the 1920’s and later on in America (Lev, 2013) Vygotsky believed that children organized their thinking by private speech. His theory suggests that children have developmental rages which the child can be assisted in operating at higher levels than are possible alone (Follari, 2011). An example of his work would be scaffolding (Follari, 2011). Gesell. Dewey John Dewey’s education philosophy helped forward the progressive education movement, and spawned the development of experiential education programs and experiments (Follari, 2011). John Dewey believed that education should be based on children’s interests and should involve them in active experiences. He thought an active curriculum should be integrated rather than divided into subject matter segments(Follari, 2011). Problem solving activities. References Follari, L. M. (2011). Foundations and Best Practices in Early Childhood Education: History, Theories and Approaches to Learning (2nd ed., pp. 24-47). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. Jean Piaget. (n. d. ). Jean Piaget. Retrieved from http://www. nndb. com/people/359/000094077/ Lev Vygotsky. (2013, November 17). Wikipedia. Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Lev_Vygotsky Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi: Pedagogy, education and social justice. (n. d. ). Infedorg. Retrieved from http://infed. org/mobi/johann-heinrich-pestalozzi-pedagogy-education-and-social-justice/ Today in History. (n. d. ). : May 16. Retrieved from http://memory. loc. gov/ammem/today/may16. html.

Battle of Narva - Great Northern War Battle of Narva

Battle of Narva - Great Northern War Battle of Narva Conflict Date: The Battle of Narva was fought November 30, 1700, during the Great Northern War (1700-1721). Armies Commanders: Sweden King Charles XII8,500 men Russia Duke Charles Eugà ¨ne de Croy30,000-37,000 men Battle of Narva Background: In 1700, Sweden was the dominant power in the Baltic. Victories during the Thirty Years War and subsequent conflicts had enlarged the nation to include territories ranging from northern Germany to Karelia and Finland. Eager to combat Swedens power, its neighbors of Russia, Denmark-Norway, Saxony, and Poland-Lithuania conspired to attack in the late 1690s. Opening hostilities in April 1700, the allies intended to strike Sweden from several directions at once. Moving to meet the threat, 18-year old King Charles XII of Sweden elected to deal with Denmark first. Leading a well-equipped and highly trained army, Charles launched a bold invasion of Zealand and began marching on Copenhagen. This campaign forced the Danes out of the war and they signed the Treaty of Travendal in August. Concluding business in Denmark, Charles embarked with around 8,000 men for Livonia in October with the intention of driving an invading Polish-Saxon army from the province. Landing, he instead decided to move east to aid the city of Narva which was threatened by Tsar Peter the Greats Russian army. The Battle of Narva: Arriving at Narva in early November, Russian forces began laying siege to the Swedish garrison. Though possessing a core of well-drilled infantry, the Russian army had not yet been fully modernized by the tsar. Numbering between 30,000 and 37,000 men, the Russian force was arrayed from south of the city in a curved line running to the northwest, with their left flank anchored on the Narva River. Though aware of Charles approach, Peter departed the army on November 28 leaving Duke Charles Eugà ¨ne de Croy in command. Pressing east through bad weather, the Swedes arrived outside the city on November 29. Forming for battle atop Hermansberg hill a bit more than a mile from the city, Charles and his chief field commander, General Carl Gustav Rehnskià ¶ld, prepared to assault the Russian lines the next day. Opposite, Croy, who had been alerted to the Swedish approach and relatively small size of Charles force, dismissed the idea that the enemy would attack. On the morning of November 30, a blizzard descended across the battlefield. Despite the foul weather, the Swedes still prepared for battle, while Croy instead invited the majority of his senior officers to dinner. Around midday, the wind shifted to the south, blowing the snow directly into the Russians eyes. Spotting the advantage, Charles and Rehnskià ¶ld began advancing against the Russian center. Using the weather as cover, the Swedes were able to approach to within fifty yards of the Russian lines without being spotted. Surging forward in two columns, they shattered the troops of General Adam Weyde and Prince Ivan Trubetskoy and broke Croys line in three. Pressing home the assault, the Swedes forced the surrender of the Russian center and captured Croy. On the Russian left, Croys cavalry mounted a spirited defense but was driven back. In this part of the field, the retreat of Russian forces led to the collapse of a pontoon bridge over the Narva River which trapped the bulk of the army on the west bank. Having gained the upper hand, the Swedes defeated the remnants of Croys army in detail through the rest of the day. Looting the Russian camps, Swedish discipline wavered but the officers were able to maintain control of the army. By morning, the fighting had ended with the destruction of the Russian army. Aftermath of Narva: A stunning victory against overwhelming odds, the Battle of Narva was one of Swedens greatest military triumphs. In the fighting, Charles lost 667 killed and around 1,200 wounded. Russian losses were approximately 10,000 killed and 20,000 captured. Unable to care for such a large number of prisoners, Charles had the enlisted Russian soldiers disarmed and sent east while only the officers were kept as prisoners of war. In addition to the captured arms, the Swedes captured nearly all of Croys artillery, supplies, and equipment. Having effectively eliminated the Russians as a threat, Charles controversially elected to turn south into Poland-Lithuania rather than attack into Russia. Though he won several notable victories, the young king missed a key opportunity to take Russia out of the war. This failure would come to haunt him as Peter rebuilt his army along modern lines and eventually crushed Charles at Poltava in 1709.

Understanding the history of a Biomedical scientist The WritePass Journal

Understanding the history of a Biomedical scientist Introduction Understanding the history of a Biomedical scientist IntroductionConclusionRelated Introduction If one was to ask someone what a biomedical scientists was 15 years ago, the response would probably be pardon?, but now that we are in the 21 century it has become more of acknowledge role in the healthcare industry and amongst the public. However the term biomedical scientist is still not used, one is more likely to hear terms like virologist, haematologist, microbiologist, cytologist, and many others. Biomedical science is a broad term used to encapsulate a diverse range of professions in health care and other industries. The first sign of viruses in history was probably discovered in the Egyptian times, when a dead corpse was found in tomb with abnormal tissues of smallpox. The body seem to show signs of yellow fever and other viruses and signs of paralytic poliomyelitis, which is caused from polio. As time went on people with polio viruses seemed to be successfully continuing with their life, however when the daunting HIV and Hepatitis B broke out there were more deaths. These viral diseases not only caused harm to humans but also to the planet, plants, fish, birds and other living mammals. Conclusion The word virus comes from the Greek meaning ‘poison’, the word virus has been commonly used in the English language for years.   One of the very first people to identify invisible viruses that was able to cause infectious diseases, was a bacteriologist, unfortunately technology that we now use to recognise disease were not present. Edward Jenner was a as scientist who cleverly used materials from cowpox as a vaccine to prevent smallpox. Many other people of whom were not scientist were able to create vaccines to prevent other disease e.g. Louis Pasteur he created a vaccine for children that had been bitten from a rabid animal.

The Shooting Death of Oscar Grant

The Shooting Death of Oscar Grant On New Years Day 2009, an Oakland police officer shot and killed an unarmed, pinned suspect. The officer, Johannes Mehserle, was arrested on murder charges on January 14th, 2009. The trial  began on June 10, 2010. Heres what happened: Passengers Detained On January 1, 2009, at approximately 2 a.m., officers of the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) responded to reports of a fight on an Oakland subway car. They detained approximately 20 passengers. One of the passengers, who witnesses say was not actually involved in the fight, was 22-year-old Oscar Grant. Grant Captured Grant, a local grocery store butcher, and the father of a four-year-old girl were unarmed. He approached police in what appeared to be a nonviolent manner and was backed against the wall. In one video, he can be seen kneeling and pleading with police for reasons that are not yet clear. Some eyewitnesses say that he had already begun asking police not to shoot him. Officers restrained Grant and pinned him, face down, on the pavement. It is not clear whether he was handcuffed at this point. Shot to Death As shown in a widely disseminated cell phone video of the shooting, Grant was restrained by two officers. A third, 27-year-old Johannes Mehserle, then drew his service pistol and shot Grant fatally in the back. Current Status Mehserle quietly resigned from BART and has issued no statements regarding his reasons for the shooting. An internal investigation is pending. An attorney for Grants family has filed a $25 million wrongful death lawsuit against the city.On January 14th, 2009, Johannes Mehserle was arrested and charged with suspicion of murder. Theories Because Mehserle shot Grant in front of dozens of witnesses, including other police officers, it is difficult to fathom why he would have chosen this opportunity to execute a suspect in cold blood. Alternate theories suggest that he may have mistaken his pistol for a Taser (unlikely given the fact that BARTs Tasers bear no resemblance to firearms and require cartridges to be pre-loaded), or may have felt something while frisking Grant, such as a cell phone, that he mistook for a weapon. Our visceral impression of the shooting is similar to that of one expert quoted by the San Francisco Chronicle in a recent interview: We  assumed the shooting was accidental until we saw the video, but Mehserles relative calm at the moment the gun discharged is jarring. ... Roy Bedard, who has trained police officers around the world, advanced a different theory after his first viewing of the video: that the shooting was a pure accident, a trigger pulled because of a loss of balance or a loud noise. But in an indication of how the videos might move the investigation, Bedard reached a different conclusion after viewing the shooting from a different angle. Looking at it, I hate to say this, it looks like an execution to me, he said. But we  cant fully accept this explanation because we dont understand why Mehserle, whose wife was pregnant and gave birth to a son within days of the shooting, would execute a suspect in public. That doesnt make any sense. We need more data- we all do. The trial may have brought us closer to understanding why Mehserle killed Oscar Grant. But whether it does or not, this killer should be held fully accountable for his actions.

Summary response essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summary response - Essay Example The Fourth Trust is a memoir of Dr. Jane Goodall that elaborates how her childhood experience in caring for all sorts of animals taught her important values in life such as respect and care for nature. The basic tenet of Dr. Goodall’s philosophy comes from this statement â€Å"Children’ relationship to animals then can be a means of teaching compassion and kindness† ( Jane Goodall and Mark Bekoff, The Fourth Trust,p.69). Even as a young child, Dr. Goodall learned about compassion by actively engaging with her natural surroundings. Living in apartment never stifled her interests for creatures as she kept a dog in their apartment. As soon as their family moved to a house with a backyard, she pursued her dream of caring for whatever animal needed her attention. Even her little misdemeanor that called the police into her house was the result of her curiosity about where eggs really come from. The Fourth Trust tells us that children who were exposed to animals â€Å"tend to be kind to animals as adults and to be loving and compassionate individuals â€Å"(Goodall and Bekoff, p.68). A concrete example of this was the case of the orphan named Peter. The child’s first experience with the white rabbit taught him a different perspective in life. He suddenly became concerned about the rabbit by asking if it was hurt when he stroked it. If all children coming from disadvantaged families have the chance to interact with creatures in a loving manner, perhaps, they can become more kind to other humans as well. An animal is a creature not capable of fighting back to a human being unless it is a wild animal of course. People learn tolerance and respect when they do not abuse their power and pick on weaker beings. Because of this situation, Dr. Goodall made it her life’s mission to spread to the world her philosophy. The dream became true when teen-agers in her community expressed their

Performance and reward management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Performance and reward management - Essay Example What is required in this day and age is a vision to set things right and that too in the long run scheme of things. The payroll costs are decreasing and so are the cuts within the performance rewards for the sake of the employees. This is because the payroll costs have meant an extra burden on the organizations and add to that the discussion of the performance rewards is something that is completely out of sync with the understanding that one reaches upon. Therefore, what is deemed as significant here is the reckoning that performance rewards will give in the best mileage if these are handled in a proper and adequate way, and when the organizations understand that the employees are their most prizes resources, and giving them incentives would only mean more and more success at the end of the day. This paper discusses why payroll costs are a burden on the shoulders of the organizations in the current times and how the performance rewards are discerned and measured in the same perspect ive. The payroll costs within the organizations could be brought down if there is a sense of purpose and collective responsibility within the top management domains to make the same as a possible initiative. What this suggests is the fact that organizations in this day and age are doing their utmost to make sure that the payroll costs are brought under the hammer but what they are forgetting all this while is the understanding that these elements need to be tackled in a proper perspective and with immense foresight. More than anything else, there is a need to set things right which unfortunately the payroll costs and deductions in the same might not fulfill. Therefore, one can deem the same comprehensions to be out of sync because the employees are looking to expand on their salaries through pay raises and the like but what the organizations are looking forward to offering them are totally opposite pay structures (Heyes, 1996). However balancing the two seems like a difficult exerci se, and more so when the talk goes out loud regarding the payroll costs being a massive burden on the organizational shoulders. Therefore, much consideration is indeed important towards the relevant domains because the organizations of today are banking direly on the positives that the employees can incorporate within their ranks. The payroll costs are important to have know-how about because these form the essence of an employee’s realms and he would never appreciate if these are cut down for no mistake of his (Poole, 1998). When the payroll costs are thought of as a burden, then the organizations cannot derive much sanity from the related ranks. Hence it is always a good practice to think of these payroll costs in the light of the money spent on the resources which are available at the disposal of the organizations, and it is this arsenal which forms the backbone under the related scenarios. The changing business environment circumstances usually implicate for the discussio n on payroll costs coming to the fore. What this suggests is the fact that the payroll costs would be seen as a burden on the shoulders of the organization and that the employees would view the entire ballgame of salaries and pays to be a difficult task for the sake of the organizational top heads. They would find it hard to arrange for their salaries which would eventually mean that the employees

Philosphy In Teaching Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Philosphy In Teaching - Personal Statement Example The four branches of philosophy- metaphysics, epistemology, logic and axiology can be utilized by a teacher in his job. Metaphysics can be used in teaching to answer the essential questions that arise in the mind of a student about life, reality and one’s existence. Metaphysics can be considered a starting point from which the education of a child starts. Epistemology is the philosophy of knowledge and a teacher can use it by explaining the importance of education and knowledge to a student. Use of axiology and logic are the characteristics which every teacher should instill in his students and they are an essential part of learning. Psychological theories like constructivism have influenced modern educational practices. According to constructivism, the knowledge a person has is a result of his experiences. Teachers who practice constructivism have a more interactive environment in their classrooms and the students are usually aware of the learning objective planned by the teacher. A constructivist environment will lead the child to ask the right questions and sharpen his learning abilities. Constructivist teachers change themselves and the classroom environment according to the students as every student has different learning thresholds. Each child would have individual and undivided attention of the teacher and the students will be forced to think and question. John Dewey was a philosopher and an educationalist and has made great contributions to the field of education. He is mostly associated with learner centered education. It was his belief that schools were no more than social establishments where the way the children learned was through interaction. So he focused on the importance of interaction of students and curriculum. He suggested that the curriculums should be made in such a manner that every student gets to utilize his skills and it should be of interest to all students. His key ideas are individualism, readiness and pragmatism (Education.com) The modern curriculum is different from the traditional one that had been followed for centuries. Epistemological factors such as Perennialism, Essentialism, Progressivism, and Reconstructionism are used in the making of the curricula. This includes that the students learn of the great achievements and success of the people in the West and learn how to solve their problems like people in t he West do. Every school’s curriculum stresses on teaching the students morals and ethics and teaching them to use logic in their daily lives. The curriculum is based on the student rather than the teacher. As a teacher, I will make sure that the environment where I am teaching is optimum for learning and that students actively participate in the class and ask questions. I should be able to make the students think on their own and ask questions, as well as take part in constructive arguments. Constructivist philosophy of teaching should be implemented in the classroom, and the class should be inspirational and motivational. Every student’s need should be catered and every student should get individual attention. The students should be given tasks which are of their interest and their level and no student should be left behind. Source of authority is where the power to rule comes from. In

Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Globalization - Essay Example As a result of the hard hitting Washington Consensus [—the West’s interest-serving set of socio-economic and political prescriptions, for instance], it is quite obvious that the world’s poor have surrendered a huge chunk of their sovereignty to the powerful global forces, which apparently, are at constantly at work circumscribing their spheres of action (Dreher 1092). The resurgence of Adam Smith’s laissez faire economics is today more of a reality than it was then; seldom since the nineteenth century’s heydays of free trade has this theory galvanized such certainty; certainty that has also been far removed from the realities on the ground. Quite frankly, all [scholars] are entitled to personal opinions, for globalization is but a multifaceted concept that encapsulates changing fortunes [both for the rich and the poor], but with a convincing conviction that deregulated markets and the accompanying elements creates super-humans who earn their lifesty les even by the most despicable moves that includes but not limited to taking the world’s poor six feet under. ... nd than going global is but a better way of encouraging higher standards; that apart from the increased overall quality of goods and services due to the increased competition, the development of information technologies has enabled crucial knowledge enhancing exchanges between nations, the poorest included. More importantly, it has availed the hitherto unavailable access to foreign capital in addition to advanced technology and subsequent export markets, thus breaking the jinx of the old, domestic monopoly production approaches riddled with wasteful inefficiencies (Osland 137-138). Martens and Raza notes that globalization has added a great deal of impetus to the world’s economic growth, without which the population of the worlds’ poor would be much greater, and in even much deplorable circumstances without the advances that has secured a stream of food supply for the world poor that know less of family planning even at their states of affairs (281). It is, however, unf ortunate that while globalization is credited for the significant improvements above across the globe, the global nature tendencies of the same forces have destroyed lives in equal measure, perhaps even worse than the benefits. A carefully designed process whose control is a tightly knit affair in the hands of the transnational corporations (TNCs) suspended by the governments of wealthy industrialized nations, the interests of the world’s poor seems to have been relegated to the periphery. With capitalist mindsets driving the disproportionate allocation of resources globally, capital movement, exchange, revenue, structural adjustment and interest seem to be the trending terms, yet sinking the disadvantaged by taking away even the very little in their custody. Indeed, it is; for never in history has

Examining Insurance Policies Part 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Examining Insurance Policies Part 3 - Essay Example Airport premises liability coverage is an additional coverage to an aircraft liability insurance policy that covers for bodily injury or property damage that results from the use of airport premises for both the parking and storage of the aircraft. This basically implies that the policy coverage will apply only to your premises (Prather 17). This policy will include any if not all of the following coverage; personal injury, premises and operations liability insurance, contractual and premises medical payment insurance. However, the good thing about this policy is that the policy may be tailored to meet the particular requirements of the insured. Hull and liability coverage will mainly cover the aircraft with all its components which include the engine, the propeller and all the other systems and the permanently attached equipment to the aircraft in addition to the avionics (viation Cases 1945). Under the aircraft liability coverage, claims from risks that ay result to property damage and bodily injury or death by members of the public and passengers. Some of the endorsements that I would recommend is the CGL policy coverage which can be provided to premises liability, products and completed operations. Other additional coverage that will be covered against include personal injury liability, liability incurred in advertising the host liquor liability in addition to hanger keepers coverage in the case of FBO operations (Prather 21). This coverage I believe would suit you best as you have other services like the class room instructions while also conducting aerial tours in his aerial photography side job. Some of the exclusions you should look out for include the ground hanger keepers’ legal liability which will come into play especially when you hire out the aircraft. The cover will provide for liability of damage to the property when the damage occurs as a result of negligence when the property is under the control

Assignemnt 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Assignemnt 6 - Essay Example c planning, production / manufacturing, and Sales are the major units that provide support to Toyota’s headquarters and therefore are considered critical to TMC’s Operations: Hien defines: A multidivisional structure is appropriate if products are different and are sold in many markets. Division are self-contained, each with their own support functions and control. Because products differ, centralized support functions at the top is not feasible. The multidivisional structure has or corporate headquarters, organized functionally and responsible for overseeing division managers. Staff members facilitate integration to share information quickly among divisions. (Hien, 2010) Definitely, Toyota is experiencing problems or organizational dysfunctions in certain levels of coordination and communication in the corporate particularly when there is confusion in authority whether to centralize and decentralize from corporate to the divisional level. A clear manifestation on this is the undetected defect in the design of accelerator pedals, among others, which brought about the worldwide Recall Campaign. Another is TMC’s too much formalities and rigidness or strictness in the corporate norms, rules and policies of the company which is pointed by some to become a probable cause for generating organizational dysfunctions. â€Å"So, a degree of "toughness" may be called for at times, especially in the dirty business of manufacturing something like a car. The process of several thousand people working together to assemble tens of thousands of parts that converge once per minute to comprise an automobile is tough work, demanding legitimate discipline. Still, there were instances at the old Toyota when many observers would understandably cry foul. And I imagine vestiges of that Toyota can still be found lurking around, especially at the end of a bad day. But these are also dimensions of the company that decades ago some leaders recognized as needing change † (Shook,

Examining Insurance Policies Part 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Examining Insurance Policies Part 3 - Essay Example Airport premises liability coverage is an additional coverage to an aircraft liability insurance policy that covers for bodily injury or property damage that results from the use of airport premises for both the parking and storage of the aircraft. This basically implies that the policy coverage will apply only to your premises (Prather 17). This policy will include any if not all of the following coverage; personal injury, premises and operations liability insurance, contractual and premises medical payment insurance. However, the good thing about this policy is that the policy may be tailored to meet the particular requirements of the insured. Hull and liability coverage will mainly cover the aircraft with all its components which include the engine, the propeller and all the other systems and the permanently attached equipment to the aircraft in addition to the avionics (viation Cases 1945). Under the aircraft liability coverage, claims from risks that ay result to property damage and bodily injury or death by members of the public and passengers. Some of the endorsements that I would recommend is the CGL policy coverage which can be provided to premises liability, products and completed operations. Other additional coverage that will be covered against include personal injury liability, liability incurred in advertising the host liquor liability in addition to hanger keepers coverage in the case of FBO operations (Prather 21). This coverage I believe would suit you best as you have other services like the class room instructions while also conducting aerial tours in his aerial photography side job. Some of the exclusions you should look out for include the ground hanger keepers’ legal liability which will come into play especially when you hire out the aircraft. The cover will provide for liability of damage to the property when the damage occurs as a result of negligence when the property is under the control

Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 24

Art - Essay Example Mary Lin emerged as the winner and her victory surprises everyone including herself. Maya Lin’s design was V-shaped, having a sunken wall of black stone, with the names of all those killed in the war engraved in a chronological or sequential order, (Binyon L., 2010). â€Å"She designed the memorial in a manner to enhance easy searching of the loved one,† explained Binyon. Lin stated, â€Å"Searching out a loved one, a mourner will walk along the monument and find the name among the 57661 listed.† Her explanation for its fulfilling of the contest is that she wanted to illustrate a journey. A journey that would enable the mourner experience death and he or she could never fully be with the dead. â€Å"Lin’s statement and design is an affront,† a small group protested (Binyon L., 2010). They want to change the color of the wall to white and to include an eight-foot-high sculpture of wounded soldiers and a flag at the Centre of the wall. However, Lin refutes the changes as they have ill motives. Therefore, the Commission of Fine Arts p rovides a remedy by stating that the wall will remain black, but it will have the statue and the flag at the side. Hagopian stated, â€Å"Memorial would be completed despite the strong conservative resistance to Lin’s design.† (Hagopian P., 2009). The Vietnam’s Memorial was dedicated on Veterans’ Day and Maya Lin with Lyn being the winner of the design. Hagopian P. (2009). The Vietnam War in American Memory: Veterans, Memorials, and the politics of healing.

Speech Ladies and Gentlemen Essay Example for Free

Speech Ladies and Gentlemen Essay Thank you all for coming here today. As I come here today, I will explain to you the current state of the United States macro economy. In this press conference, we will be discussing some of the questions and concerns. Afterwards, if there are any more questions, we will answer them then. Macroeconomics can be simply explained as stating it is the way that the economy is examined. It helps us understand how a part of the economy grows and why sometimes it does not. It can also give us reason of fluctuations, and what indicators cause the performance in our economy. What are the effects of having a surplus of imports in the U.S. One thing I would like to discuss is the surplus. A surplus is when we as a nation are importing more than we are exporting. At any time the United States has a surplus of any manufactured goods, it loses its value. This can make it where the good have to be sold, where there is no money that can be made from it. For an example, in the car industry, if there is an abundance of cars being imported it does not help us. Importing too many cars from other countries does not help the cars manufactures being built. The consumers are happy because the cars will sold for less, but our businesses will suffer the loss of money. How does international trade affect the countries GDP, domestic markets and university students? First we need to have a little understanding of how GDP affects a country. Gross Domestic Product is the value of all goods and services produced by a country in a given period of time (About.com). It adds another component to our GDP. The United States is only a small amount of consumers. If we traded only within ourselves we would not have a large customer base. This is where international trade helps us. It helps us increase our export and increase or competitiveness in the open market. We import more than we export, which lowers our GDP which affects are domestic markets because we continue to purchase more outside of our country. This affects a student who goes into business and has to worry about the strong contenders that are overseas. How does the government choices in regards to tariffs and quotas affect international trade? It is imperative to know that tariffs and quotas are set to inspire the government to determine the amount they will import and export and the taxes they will collect so that the goods or services are not thrown out. Tariffs are also a way of controlling the trade, so they play an extremely important role in international dealings. They do this by lowering or raising the tariffs. For example, if a government of a wealthy country wanted to promote trade with a country that is not as developed, it could lower its tariffs on the import for that country. This would make businesses want to trade with that country because the cost of importing would be cheaper. The same goes for quotas when there is a set number on certain things that can be imported. What are foreign exchange rates and how are they determined? Foreign exchange rates are defined as the value of two or more countries currency against each other. For example, when you purchase an import from another country, they have their rate for the U.S. rate. Japan can purchase our dollar for 91 cents. The rate does not stay the same for very long. It is determined by the foreign exchange market where currency is continuously being bought and sold. Why doesn’t the U.S. simply restrict all goods coming in from China? Why can’t the U.S. just minimize the amount of imports coming in from all countries? At this time, our economy needs help. Therefore we cannot restrict certain countries imports, nor can we restrict China imports. As everyday consumers, we are always requiring or wanting services from other countries. Our first thought is how fast I can get it. For example, other countries usually get products before they are released to the United States. Therefore, to satisfy these needs from the other countries, the government has to allow for an easy trade, which allows us to earn revenue on the taxes on the imports, which helps our economy. That is key to our success. Thank you, for your cooperation, I will now be willing to answer any remaining questions for further details. References About.com. 2013. Definition of GDP. Retrieved from economic.about.com on February 10, 2013.

Southern View of Religion in Lillian Smith’s Killers of the Dream Essay

Southern View of Religion in Lillian Smith’s Killers of the Dream â€Å"Our first lesson about God made the deepest impression on us. We were told that He loved us, and then we were told that He would burn us in everlasting flames of hell if we displeased Him. We were told we should love Him for He gives us everything good that we have, and then we were told that we should fear Him because He has the power to do evil to us whenever He cares to. We learned from this part of the lesson another: that â€Å"people,† like God and parents, can love you and hate you at the same time; and though they may love you, if you displease them they may do you great injury; hence being loved by them does not give you protection from being harmed by them. We learned that They (parents) have a â€Å"right† to act in this way because God does, and that They in a sense represent God, in the family.† -Lillian Smith, Killers of the Dream, p. 85 This short passage introduces the first of many paradoxes and contradictions that dominate the Southern way of life that Smith depicts in Killers of the Dream. It is fitting that Smith (and her contemporaries) should remember their first lesson about God as a terrifying self-contradiction, because this theme perpetuates itself in the Southern view of religion. It lays the framework for a theological doctrine that banishes a person to the flames of hell for taking a sip of alcohol, yet turns its head as human beings banish others to the ghettos and old slave quarters for having dark skin. This passage also creates a parallel between the white people and their role as the â€Å"God† of Southern society. Smith states, â€Å"We were told we should love Him for He gives us everything good that we have, and then we were told that... ...hild understands his relationship with God and his parents as such, it is fairly natural that he will grow up to perpetuate a facsimile of that relationship between himself and his own children and the black community, both environments in which he is â€Å"God.† Smith summarizes her description of her early â€Å"lesson† with â€Å"We learned that They (parents) have a â€Å"right† to act in this way because God does, and that They in a sense represent God, in the family.† This satirical presentation of the word â€Å"right† in parentheses both the parental and the societal desire for the white man to play God. However, Smith ironically suggest that God does not act this way, He is simply drawn into the trial as an unwitting testimonial justifying the behavior that society wants to believe is right, despite their gnawing knowledge that it is far from right, and far from human, or humane.

How To Upgrade You Computers Memory Essay -- Process Essays

How to Upgrade Your PC's Memory A memory upgrade is the easiest and most cost-effective upgrade that you can make to increase the performance of your personal computer (PC). The RAM, or random access memory, temporarily holds data and instructions as the central processing unit (CPU) processes them. As you increase your PC's RAM, its performance will be faster, and it will have fewer program or system crashes. When you purchase a PC, it usually will not come with the maximum amount of RAM possible, leaving you room to upgrade the amount. The process of adding additional RAM memory modules is relatively easy to do yourself if you have a basic understanding of how to operate a computer and how to operate Windows XP. Because Windows XP is the most commonly used Operating System, it is assumed that it is installed on your computer. If you are unsure of your skills, consult a PC Technician for the installation. It is possible to damage a PC while installing new components. The first step that you should take is to determine how much RAM that is currently installed in your PC. First, click on the Start button. Next, you should right-click on My Computer. On the Shortcut menu, select Properties. Finally, click on the General tab. This will display the version of Windows that the PC is running, the PC's processor type, and the amount of RAM that is installed. The second step is to check your PC's documentation or the manufacturer's website to gather important information. This is a very important step because not all memory modules work in all PC's. There are different types. You should find out the type, speed, and category of RAM that can be installed, the maximum amount of RAM that your PC can handle, and where the memory modules... ...ct slots in the correct position. When you have the module lined up, insert it into the slot. Gently push straight down with firm force. The module will lock in, and the supporting arms on the slot will lock into place. If the module is not going in properly, do not force it. Instead, remove it and try again. For the final step, replace the side panel and screws. Reconnect the monitor, keyboard, mouse, and any other cables that you disconnected earlier. Then reconnect the power cord to the PC and plug it in an outlet. Turn on your PC. When the computer powers up, it will automatically count the memory present and show it onscreen. Check that the number is correct. You can also repeat step one to confirm that that correct amount of memory is installed. If the number is correct, and you receive no error messages, you have successfully upgraded your computers' memory!

Leadership Task

Analysis of my own leadership skills is a difficult task, and requires me to address my own leadership attitudes and behavior as well as my strength's and weakness's. As I have learned in my readings about the different types of leadership styles I would say that my style of leadership is more off Participative approach. In my work I run a small department of five and to accomplish tasks I must work side by side with my staff. We all are active participants, but outcomes and production is ultimately my responsibility.I like to think that my team is an accumulative effort and by encouraging each person to come up with ideas and to share their opinions is our recipe for success. I have created a group atmosphere that has been productive and consistent over the last 2 years. More importantly in my absence my team functions just an efficiently as if I were present. Much like how I run my office is how I run my family. We too are a group of five and as the kids have gotten older they too have become an active participant in goal achievements. I see a lot of similar traits of how I run my office to how I run my home.It is a collaborative effort. One of my strength s a leader would be my communication skill. I always try to take the time to listen. I feel that hearing what my employee's say is crucial in leading them. Our workspace is setup in a circle where we all work together. I could have one of the large offices one floor up, but instead of taking an office away from them I'm right in the trenches with them. I want them to know that I am always available for them. It is not always easy but by eliminating distractions and focusing my attention on my employees needs, demonstrates to them that I am listening.Another strength that I practice is Leading by Example†. I am the first person in the office every morning, and the last person to leave every night. I want them to know that I am present and available to them whenever they need me. I do not take 2-hour lu nches, play computer games, or sleep at my desk. When a new project comes along I am the first person to take an assignment and my assignments are ALWAYS completed on time. I practice what I expect from them, and always try to lead by example. For a complete self-analysis of my leadership skill I must also address my weakness.For one several people have old me that I am too nice. Part because of my personality and part because I think people are happier working for a manager that they get along with. But because of this trait I may sometimes come off as a pushover and people can be tempted to try to take advantage of our relationship. It is sometimes difficult to find the balance between being a friend and being a boss. I can be tough when necessary and I am working on setting better boundaries with my employees. Another weakness I have is taking on too much myself and not delegating. Some tasks I feel no-one can do as well as I can.For example we have this one large report on a sha red drive that needs to be updated on a regular basis, my team provides me all the numbers, and I enter all the numbers. I think to myself that I must be the most handsomely paid data entry person in the world. This is only one example of my lack of delegating skills. This weakness can sometimes create a bottleneck of work for me whereas I should be spending my time on more pressing matters. Additional it demonstrates lack of confidence and fails to develop my team into future leaders. I have been in a position tenure were a disaster. I had a high turnover rate and a low production rate.I would say that early in my position I used an autocratic approach that Just did not work for me. These types of leaders keep close supervision of employees and have a purely professional relationship with their staff. They make decisions on their own without input from others. They dictate the who, how and when of work assignments. When I think about Autocratic leadership I equate that too micro- m anager. When it was me, I spent more time watching them then working on my own assignments. Not very productive and it was too stressful for me. Another type of leadership style is the delegated.As previously stated this would be very difficult for me to be. This leader assigns work and leave's an employee to their own talents and resources to complete tasks. The employee can come and go as they wish as long as assignments or tasks are completed and turned in on time. Because outcomes are my responsibility I need to be involved in tasks, I need to know that things are on schedule and getting done. By being an active participant helps me to reduce my stress and be more in control. By having a better understand of different types of dervish styles helps me to be a more productive leader in a couple different ways.By taking away qualities from other styles of leadership help me to become a better- rounded leader. First it reminds me how I use to feel earlier in my position. I was stres sed out, tense, abrupt, and totally ineffective. I realize that the autocratic style of leadership definitely has its place and may be effective for others; however it is not the approach that works for me. I am much happier by having a relationship with my employee. I feel it is important to connect personally with those that you spend 40 lust hours every week with. I like to work with people and not have people work for me.Different leadership styles can cause conflicts in the workplace. For example a problem that can arise in the work place could be a personality conflict. An example of this is when new management comes on board and different personalities and leadership styles are introduced. Change is never easy; establish if it is thrust upon you. Another conflict that can occur is often due to emotion and perceptions about somebody else's intentions. This can occur for example when a leader showing favoritism for one employee over another. One of the worst things you can do t o lose the respect of your subordinates by not being fair.Respect is paramount to achieve success. There are a couple of ways to overcome personality conflicts in the workplace. For one is to take the time to get to know your employees. By getting to know them, you are letting them get to know you. It is a win, win situation. Another way to avoid conflict especially if you are a new manager coming into a situation is by being clear about the direction and changes you have planned. Honesty and immunization are key to conflict resolution. An always remember the best way to prevent personality conflict in the workplace, is to not take things personally.It is Just business, not personal. Fairness is of the utmost importance when dealing with teams. Favoritism has no place at work and if a manager demonstrates that they will not have the trust of their employees. Trust is a major issue, and to build trust you must be impeccable with your word. By again communicating clearly goals and obj ectives and being consistent with your follow through is a good start to build trust. But if it needs to be said, I'll say it, don't show any favoritism! It will be detrimental to the success of a team and all should be treated equally.Although we are all different, there are potential advantages that may be created between different leadership styles. An effective manager will recognize when to use which leadership style in order to produce results. An autocratic leader makes it own decisions without any input from others and this could be beneficial when a new direction or a drastic change is necessary. When timing is crucial and decisions need to be made this leadership style has its advantages. A delegating approach to leadership is the polar opposite and will assign task, provide necessary resources, and guidance, but backs off and let the team work at their own pace.This style would be advantageous if you work with a group that is highly effective, experienced, and motivated. Then there is the participative approach to leadership that is somewhere in the middle of autocratic and delegating styles. This leader is very hands on and works with the team by building morale and most effective if demodulating is an issue. By empowering them to be part of the decision making recesses the employee feels important and can motivate them to go above and beyond what is expected of them.To increase productivity you can capitalize on the different styles of leadership based on the individual situations. If you are in a position where decisions have to be made quickly, use the autocratic style of leadership. This style of leadership can also be a benefit if your work is particularly stressful. This can allow a person to concentrate on doing their Job and not worry about making decision. Utilizing a delegating approach allows a leader to capitalize n individual employee's strength and talents to increase productivity.This style allows for flexibility and better collabora tion. In a participative style of leadership this encourages employees to share or participate in the decision making process. Which gives the employee a vested interest in their work and can benefit productivity. Rather than sticking to one type of leadership approach evaluate the circumstances and adjust your style. The best leaders can adjust their thinking to how it is most beneficial at different times, remembering that productivity depends on effective leadership.

Difference Between Management Skills and Entrepreneurship Essay

What do you think is the difference between management skills and entrepreneurship?. How do they contribute to the economic success of a business? Management skills is about making an existing business work effectively and efficiently, organizing and coordinating the activities according to certain policies and achieving clearly defined objectives (i. e. vision, mission). Usually, the foundation of the business has been laid and established. It involves planning, controlling, leading and directing and the managers are usually focused on managing and growing the business Entrepreneurship is someone who transforms innovation into a business process especially for market which never exists, often associated with uncertainties. An entrepreneur will look for changes, respond to it and seize it as an opportunity. The next step is to assemble a team, locate resources, raise the needed capital and start the new business idea. An entrepreneur is flexible in adapting to the rapid changing to the market conditions and ideas which are important factors in developing strategies for a company’s growth. The economy has become more competitive and more demanding, thus the pressure of having the best management skills and entrepreneurship skills are becoming more important. Management skills will ensure that an established organization is managed effectively and efficiently towards achieving clearly defined objectives.

How does Steinbeck present loneliness in ‘of mice and men’? Essay

How does Steinbeck present loneliness in ‘of mice and men’? During the Great Depression in the 1930s in the USA many migrant workers went to California in search of work. In the novel â€Å"Of Mice and Men† John Steinbeck deals with the loneliness which affected these characters. One of the main symbols of this, is the setting of the novel is in Soledad, which translated from Spanish means solitude. Steinbeck point to the cause of loneliness being from discrimination, and the loneliest person on the working ranch would likely be the black stable buck â€Å"Crooks†, this is proved by his actions and his attempts to make friends. You first understand him when he expresses his loneliness to Lennie, â€Å"a guy goes nuts if he ain’t got nobody. Don’t make no difference who the guy is, long’s he’s with you. I tell ya a guy gets too lonely an’ he gets sick†. (page 82) This indicates he has become mentally ill due to his extreme loneliness in his room. As an African American he is not allowed into the bunk house or to play cards with the white ranchers. Crooks tells Lennie it is â€Å"Cause I’m black. They play cards in there, but I can’t play because I’m black. They say I stink. Well I tell you, you all of you stink to me.† (page 77) This shows that he longs to join them in playing cards and feels bitter and angry that he can’t. This was a very racist time in America. Crooks was the only black person on the ranch and there was only one other black family in the area. As Crooks says â€Å"If I say something it is just a nigger sayin’ it.† (page 80) Crooks at first turns Lennie away from his room saying â€Å"you got no right to come in my room.† (page 77) but due to Lennie’s ‘disarming smile’ (page 77) he gives in and invites him in. When Crooks realises about the dream of the farm he wants to be part of it, offering to work for nothing. â€Å"If you†¦guys would want a hand to work for nothing – just his keep, why I’d come an’ lend a hand. I ain’t so crippled I can’t work like a son-of-a-bitch if I want to.† (page 86) This shows how desperate Crooks is to overcome his loneliness and be part of something. However, this dream is stopped by Curley’s wife who threatens to accuse of him of rape so that he will be hung. She reminds him that everyone will believe her saying â€Å"Well, you keep your place then, Nigger. I could get you strung up on a tree so easy it ain’t even funny.† (page 91) This makes Crooks remember that he is not able to be anything else and that the dream is futile. He returns to being angry and bitter. Steinbeck does not offer any solution to Crooks loneliness. He simply gives an observation on life and how lonely it can be for some people. He shows how racism can cause loneliness and isolation and this can cause people to be very bitter and angry.   

Research and Discuss the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Term Paper

Research and Discuss the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 - Term Paper Example Key Components and Primary Objectives of the Act: The basic matters identified and revised in the act included the creation of regulatory board to oversee the activities of the public accounting audit firms, revised standards for auditor’s independence and audit committee, requirement of certification of the SEC’s reports by the executives of the public companies, restricts the rules to prevent insider dealings by the directors and executives, increase in the liability for the non-compliance to the federal securities laws and imposes additional responsibility of the attorney to report non compliance and conflict of interests. (Lipman & Lipman. 2006) 1. Establishment of Public Company Oversight Board: Sarbanes Oxley Act established the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board to oversee the audits of the public listed companies. It was established to regulate the activities of the auditing firms including the issues of quality control, ethics and independence of auditor s. The aim for its establishment was to increase the confidence of investors and general public. 2. Auditor’s Independence: It focused on strengthening the auditor’s independence by prohibiting the provision of non-audit services (book keeping, internal audit, management, HR functions etc.) to the public companies by the external auditors, mandating the rotation of audit partners on a five year basis and rotation of registered public accounting firms and ensuring no ethical issue arises between the external auditors and the company such as conflict of interest. 3. Enhanced Corporate Governance Requirements: The corporate governance requirements were enhanced in many areas which included the role of audit committee which nave been responsible for the appointment, compensation and oversight of the work of external auditors, who are required to directly report to the audit committee. Further the audit committee should be made up of independent non- executive directors. Sa rbanes Oxley Act further prohibits the maintenance of any credit or loan or extension of the same to directors or executives of the public companies. The Act even requires the executives such as CEO and the CFO of every public company to certify in each annual and quarterly report to the SEC that the reports have been reviewed and make the representation of the effectiveness of controls specified. 4. Enhanced Disclosure Requirements: Sarbanes Oxley Act enhances the disclosure requirements for the public companies which included increased reporting on the effectiveness of internal controls and financial reporting procedures, disclosures on codes of ethics and explanations in case of non-compliance and disclosures about the transactions by the directors, management and other stakeholders that can cause security concerns. 5. Commission Resources and Enhanced Authority: In order for the SEC to work effectively, provision of additional funding was ensured. Apart from that more power and authority was given to SEC and federal courts to be exercised on companies and individuals where prohibitions are required. It requires the federal regulatory bodies to conduct researches and make reports about the credit rating agencies, roles of investment banks and financial advisors, consolidation of accounting firms and some other matters etc. 6. Enhanced Accountability: The Act strict the rules and regulations and imposes stricter and larger penalties regarding the breach of law, exercising improper

African Americans and the War for Independence 17631783 Essay

African Americans and the War for Independence 17631783 - Essay Example Today's Mande people are heirs to an extremely rich and vibrant historical legacy,the high point of which was the Mali people.The social status of the most ancient families is based on their identification with ancestors who participated with Sunjata in the founding of the empire early in the 13th century. Members of some of these lineages have the status of aristocrat, or horonw. Traditionally, they were proprietors of the land and community leaders, and were expected to conduct themselves with dignity and honor, and to speak only when they had something serious to say. The senior male members of families that traced their descent from a village's founder were eligible to be chiefs. Some lineages claimed descent from distinguished ancestors described in The Sunjata Epic, including Sunjata himself.Mande group is identified its association with Islam. This includes Muslim clerics who are specialists in Islamic studies or leaders of prayer at the mosques. Their Arabic title, imam, has become almami in the Mande languages. Some of these learned Muslims are teachers in Quran schools, where children study the holy book of Islam and are expected to memorize at least part of it in Arabic.The Mande people's own story about the origin of the Mali Empire is usually known as The Sunjata Epic named for Sunjata Keita, who is credited with founding the Mali Empire. The story begins some time around the beginning of the 13th century in Farakoro, Mande chiefdom. Farakoro was near the gold fields of Bur, which had been one of the main sources of gold for Ghana in earlier centuries and would become similarly important for the Mali Empire. The chief of Farakoro was Maghan Konfara (maghan means "chief" and Konfara was another name for his town). Like all chiefs and kings of his day, Maghan Konfara had diviners who would forecast the future. One day the diviners told Maghan Konfara that he would be the father of a great hero, but that the woman who would be the hero's mother had not yet been found. After a long search the woman was finally located in the kingdom of Do ni Kiri. She was Sogolon Cond, a sister of the mansa (king). Sogolon was an ugly, hunchbacked woman, but she had frightening powers as a sorceress and was recognized as the woman who was destined to give birth to this great hero. So she was brought to Farakoro and married to Maghan Konfara, who already had many other wives. Sunjata organized the soldiers of all the Mande chiefdoms into a powerful army that went to war against Soso. After a series of battles, Sunjata's army vanquished Sumaworo and the army of Soso. The unified Mande chiefdoms formed the basis of a powerful kingdom that expanded into all the neighboring territories and became the Mali Empire. The Mande oral traditions do not give dates for the events they describe, but from what was written by Arab geographers, it appears that the defeat of Soso happened some time during the 1230s. African Americans The tendency in the United States was to seek to separate slaves who had come from the same local region in Africa, to make the individuals easier to manage. It was harder for the slaves to develop a common culture, and to organize. Unusually, the slave population in the USA was able to reproduce, meeting the needs of the economy across the growing country, and thus avoiding reliance on illegal slave trading. Increasingly slaves were American-born, rather than recent arrivals from Africa. Families were able to be relatively stable, and many owners saw the economic benefits of an increasing slave population. In the USA, only Africans were kept as slaves, and there was resistance to the idea of emancipation or manumission. White indentured servants and voluntary emigrants, whose living conditions were not necessarily better, but whose legal status was superior, could meet other needs for labor. Where there was discussion of freeing of slaves, from the time of Thomas Jefferson, it was assumed that the freed slaves would be required to

Relativism and Morality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Relativism and Morality - Essay Example It was just brave to put forth that some things are just basically wrong not because they are â€Å"never questioned or breached in practice, but because they never should be† (88). Goodman’s disagreed on Matilal’s idea of pluralism that norms differ from one society to another. Goodman argued that while Matilal’s assertion in many aspect are true, the concept of what is right and wrong is not just about common consent but unanimity. For what is agreed by many may not necessarily mean right. In plain language, mob rule is not always right. Such, Goodman puts forth the four areas which human experience where right or wrong is constant regardless of time, culture, understanding, religion or circumstance. It may already be a common knowledge but Goodman, put coherence and logic why these acts are not to be done in the first place. They are; (1) genocide, politically induced famine, and germ warfare; (2) terrorism, hostage taking, and child warriors; (3) slave ry, polygamy, and incest; and (4) rape and female genital cutting. We already know that murder is wrong much more when it is done on mass scale which what happens in genocide. Goodman succinctly put the argument what we already that â€Å"all living beings make claims to life†. ... It is not even limited to a tyrant’s prejudice, but can also be glossed over with good intention such as Maoist Cultural Revolution where â€Å"he was ready, he bragged in 1958, to sacrifice 300 million lives which composed half of China’s population, â€Å"for the victory of world revolution†. Goodman also hit the head of the nail to bury the very reason why terrorism is utterly wrong. His reasoning stood above the excuse of justifying terror that â€Å"one man’s terrorist is another man’s freedom fighter†. The excuse of subjectivity, that one group may disagree while another may find it laudable was paled with Goodman’s exposure and giving terror a face why it is just wrong. It willfully targets non-combatants and intend to intimidate and attract attention at the cost of many lives. Its obscenity and flagrancy as an act was exposed when Goodman rightfully conveyed that in terrorism, â€Å"the more helpless the victims, the more lur id the light. . . The more devastating the damage, the more inhumane, the more avidly is it sought by the strategists, ideologues, and theologians of terror†. The vileness of intention which was unmasked by Goodman just stripped terrorism any of its political justification that made it acceptable to some sectors in society. The excuse of addressing terror’s â€Å"root cause† also became moot as Goodman explained that soft pedaling the act of sowing fear make them pushes the pedal complicit with those who seek to profit politically from the mayhem. Equally unacceptable as murder in any form or method, is also the exploitation of individual be it in the form of slavery, prostitution or any form of exploitation

The Oil Supply Dependence Of The Automobile Industry Research Paper

The Oil Supply Dependence Of The Automobile Industry - Research Paper Example The paper tells that considering the rising oil prices worldwide, there were recent attempts to pave the way to alternative sources of energy so as to gradually reduce the demand for oil. In 2010, Li, Xiaogu, Clark, Christopher, et. al. conducted a survey of the peoples’ likelihood that they will prefer flexible-fuel or hybrid automobile given the choice when they purchase one. The result showed positive response to less dependence on oil for automobiles. Statistics show a declining dependence on foreign petroleum since 2005, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration in mid-2011. Nonetheless, what has been the actual situation pertaining to a dependence on automotive oil? There was an increase in the use of domestically produced biodiesel, ethanol, and natural gas. However, by the mere fact that crude oil from domestic production realized increase in demand, dependence on oil as source of energy remains high. Imported oil declined. As can be seen from Figure A, c onsumption of oil also declined in 2010. But there will be a growing demand for liquid fuels including oil in the coming years as shown in Figure B. For automobiles, the trend in demand for Motor Gasoline also shows a projected increase in demand. See Figure C. Even as the production volume of crude oil will be increased in the USA, the prices of oil will also increase in the coming years. This can be clearly seen in Figure D. Apparently, the people are feeling the financial impact of the seemingly endless price increases of oil in the world market as well as in the local market. There is a domino effect on even the prices of basic goods whenever oil price increases are announced. Oil price increases eventually jack up the prices of goods and services since sources of energy like gasoline, motor oil, and liquefied petroleum gas are part of the cost of production and operating expenses like transportation or travelling expenses. It reduces the value of family income because each doll ar will have a lower value in the sense that the same amount of money can only buy less and less as the prices of oil increase to push up the prices of prime commodities. Thus, people have been adjusting to these trends by finding ways and means to reduce dependence on oil. Many have resorted to alternative energy sources. 2. Analysis of the Problem The world has limited supply of oil while there has been increasing demand for oil. Tverberg, Gail E. wrote that oil supply of our world had stopped increasing since 2005 (Abstract). As a matter of fact, his report mentioned (3): â€Å"We show in this section that world oil supply constriction started about 2004 based on price trends, and that restriction affected primarily OECD countries†. It will take about 20 years to mitigate the decline in oil supply by producing alternative sources and by replacing vehicles capable of utilizing alternative sources (4). It was estimated that wind and solar energy sources can only contribute a n insignificant capacity for the production of energy compared to the total energy supplied by oil-based power generators. â€Å"Growth of emerging economies† (1) certainly led to an oil shortage given such a fact about no more rise in the production of oil supply. To confirm this phenomenon as of a very recent date, January 3, 2012, Brad Plumer of the Washington Post reported the prediction of Goldman Sach’s Investment Bank pertaining to oil production in the world, which says that demand will hit the production capacity of oil by the year 2013. China and India have reached 2.5 billion population. Their demand for oil in order to achieve economic growth was reported to be rising as a result of these two countries’ fast developments. In contrast, oil supply production

The Effect of the Increase and Decrease of Inheritance Tax in the UK Essay

The Effect of the Increase and Decrease of Inheritance Tax in the UK Economy - Essay Example Exchange rate is the value of two currencies relative to each other, like exchanging the US dollar for a certain number of British pounds. This may be floating which means it changes from day to day or it may be pegged to another which means that it may have a certain amount of its currency held in another currency. The former is volatile while the latter is more stable since their setting is by the government fiat. [Aguirre, A., Ferreira, A. & Notini, H., 2003] The exchange rates have been experiencing fluctuations in different regions of the world and this has had major impacts in these regions which have involved the private sector as well as the government and in some cases the government has had to play the role of the private sector so as to stabilise the rate. In this context the exchange rate rise has been on the fore front and this has had adverse effect and implications on the economic activities as well as the social aspect of the people in these regions. The rise if the f oreign exchange affects the foreign direct investment [FDI]. This is an international flow of capital that provides the multinational organisations and companies with control over foreign affiliates. The foreign exchange can influence both the total FDI and the allocation of this investment across different countries. The increase reduces the countries production costs and the wages relative to those of the foreign country. This means that the value of its currency depreciates relative to that of the other country. This means that the overall rate of return to foreigners is increased and this contemplates the overseas investment projects in a country. The increase in the foreign exchange may be sometimes anticipated and this will leads to higher costs of financing of the projects due to interest rate parity conditions. In these cases, multinationals prefer to fund their overseas projects from the local kit as financing from the local become relatively expensive. This covers their mo nitoring costs and even the capital that keeps on increasing. The volatility of the exchange rates affects the production flexibility and also the risk aversion. There arises a problem where the producer produces the goods without the knowledge of the exchange rates as they affect the rate of production and the actual level of employment. Where there was risk aversion, the investors demand that they be paid compensation for the risks they incurred as the higher exchange rate raises the variability of and lowers the certainty. In this case therefore, the high rates of exchange tend to raise the values of the investment projects and due to the high costs; the profits are reduced. [Goldberg and Kolstad, 1995] The Australian bank decided to leave the rate of cash unchanged, while the central bank highlighted on its ability to lower the benchmark of the nation’s interest rate so as to ease the inflation pressures. Fig 1: Graphical illustration of Australian Interest rates from Jan uary 2004 through January 2010 This rising exchange rate leads to the tightening of the monetary policy. This in effect raises the interest rates to higher levels which are visibly seen to rise faster in the short run than in the long run. The result of this is that the foreign investors hold foreign assets because of the increased rate of return on the domestic assets with the tightened monetary policy and they expect that the domestic value will fall in future. There arises foreign debt due to the high appreciation of the real exchange rate. These may make the local currency to reach parity against the foreign currency like it was for the euro against the dollar between Australia and US. [Aron, J., Elbadawi, I.A. & Kahn, B., 1997] Identify the possible causes of this appreciation and analyse the extensive implications on the Australian economy which was saved by the collapsing economy of the Australian government and economy. The appreciation of the real exchange rate brings diver se effects which are extensive the short term aspect of